Nmap
("Network Mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for
network exploration or security auditing. Many systems and network
administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory,
managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service
uptime.
Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are
available on the network, what services (application name and version)
those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they
are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and
dozens of other characteristics. It was designed to rapidly scan large
networks, but works fine against single hosts.
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